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2004-11-30 Europe

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Posted by tipper 2004-11-30 3:33:10 AM|| || Front Page|| [6 views since 2007-05-07] Top

#1 "...if it is to be solved, it will have to be solved by the United States and our allies."

I'd like to see the US's other allies stepping into the breech the UK (under the Europhilic compromisers Blair/Straw) has left open. Australia and Japan could really shine here.

Posted by Bulldog 2004-11-30 7:11:27 AM|| 2004-11-30 7:11:27 AM|| Front Page Top

#2
Chamberlain had to choose between war and dishonor, opted for the latter, and got the former as well.

Neville Chamberlain agreed to a compromise with Adolf Hitler, but he also drew a line and told Hitler that if her crossed it, then there would be no more compromises. Hitler crossed the line anyway, and Chamberlain stuck to his guns, literally. Chamberlain did not "chose between war and dishonor." He declared war on Germany.

The European Union has agreed to a compromise with Iran, but has warned that if Iran continues to develop nuclear weapons, then there will be no more compromises. The EU will impose extremely strict economic sanctions. Basically the EU will declare economic war on Iran.

Strict economic sanctions would not be just a joke for Iran, where the unemployment rate is about 30%. And the EU would strive, probably very successfully, to engage many non-European countries into cooperation with the sanctions.

Iran well might cross the EU's line, just as Hitler crossed Chamberlain's. Crossing that line might be the Iranian mullahs' fatal mistake.
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Posted by Mike Sylwester 2004-11-30 7:48:22 AM|| 2004-11-30 7:48:22 AM|| Front Page Top

#3 The EU-3 operate on wishes and wants, Michael operates in reality. I give this deal less than three months before the EU-3 is founded outted again by the theocracy.

Posted by Capt America 2004-11-30 8:13:09 AM|| 2004-11-30 8:13:09 AM|| Front Page Top

#4 Mike Sylwester: a fan of Nazi appeasement in the 1930s? I know I really shouldn't be surprised, but I am...

Go silently into the night, Mad Mullahs! For we won't buy your carpets no more.

Posted by Bulldog 2004-11-30 8:22:01 AM|| 2004-11-30 8:22:01 AM|| Front Page Top

#5 Chamberlain joins the Mike Sylwester pantheon of loyal, wise, misunderstood leaders, persecuted for doing what is best for the unappreciative and ignorant rabble. Who next? Stalin?

Posted by Frank G 2004-11-30 8:56:13 AM|| 2004-11-30 8:56:13 AM|| Front Page Top

#6 Neville Chamberlain agreed to a compromise with Adolf Hitler, but he also drew a line and told Hitler that if her crossed it, then there would be no more compromises. Hitler crossed the line anyway, and Chamberlain stuck to his guns, literally. Chamberlain did not "chose between war and dishonor." He declared war on Germany.

And in the meantime, Chamberlain utterly ignored Churchill's warnings. Wanting to avoid seeming "provocative", Chamberlain failed to re-arm Britain and committed Britain to the defense of France -- a commitment the French themselves were unwilling to make.

Chamberlain's decision to actually -- finally, after sacrificing Austria, Czechoslovokia, and Poland on the altar of "diplomacy" -- go to war with Hitler was simultaneous with his decision to resign in favor of Churchill. He left Churchill facing a re-armed Germany, short two-and-a-half allies, with Italy firmly in Hitler's camp, and with little or no useful military force to use.

Basically, Chamberlain shit on a stick then handed it to Churchill.

(And I'm as unsurprised as Bulldog.)

Posted by Robert Crawford 2004-11-30 8:59:16 AM|| [http://www.kloognome.com/] 2004-11-30 8:59:16 AM|| Front Page Top

#7 It started with the reoccupation of the Rhineland in 1936. Hitler could easily have been stopped then, but of course that would have meant actually doing something. I fear it's too late with regard to the mullahs. Their program is too far along. Only concrete action will stop them, but the EUros have forgotten how to act, knowing only how to blather.

Posted by Spot 2004-11-30 9:04:24 AM|| 2004-11-30 9:04:24 AM|| Front Page Top

#8 To be fair to Chamberlain - almost everyone at the time thought Munich was a good idea - Churchill and Eden were the outliers, NOT Chamberlain. And, as historian Robert (?) Overy has pointed out, Chamberlain had access to secret information that made Munich a good idea - he knew how pitiful British air defences were in 1938, and how much they were improving. He believed that if war were necessary, 1939 or 1940 was the optimal time to fight, not 1938. In retrospect we know that if the UK and France had stood up to Germany, Hitler would have backed down and no war would have occurred - but this information was NOT available at the time.

Of course Chamberlain could also be faulted for a soft line toward Germany prior to Munich.

It should be noted that Churchill, in his autobiography of world war 2, makes it clear that while he disagreed with Chamberlain, he still considered him a patriot and a decent man, and that Chamberlain served with merit in Churchills own cabinet, until Chamberlains death in 1940.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 10:08:12 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:08:12 AM|| Front Page Top

#9 The European Union has agreed to a compromise with Iran, but has warned that if Iran continues to develop nuclear weapons, then there will be no more compromises.

Don't tell me, let me guess-the compromise agreement will be given three or four years to work. (Hint-how many years away from nuclear weapon actualization is Iran?)

Then our EU strategists really WILL resemble Chamberlain.

Posted by Jules 187 2004-11-30 10:09:08 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:09:08 AM|| Front Page Top

#10 "Chamberlain's decision to actually -- finally, after sacrificing Austria, Czechoslovokia, and Poland on the altar of "diplomacy" -- go to war with Hitler was simultaneous with his decision to resign in favor of Churchill"

UK went to war with Hitler on Sept 3, 1939, after Germanys invasion of Poland. Chamberlain remained PM, but invited Winston in as First Lord of the Admiralty. Chamberlain resigned (under pressure) in May of 1940, after the fall of Norway, and then the Netherlands. This was 8 months after UK entered the war. At this point it was determined that a Britain needed a coalition govt, including Labour and the Liberals, despite the Conservatives overwhelming majority in Parliament. (Ya see back then they thought wars of national survival required that ALL parties take part in govt, and share responsiblity - even parties like Labour that had opposed rearmament) The Conservatives still had a majority and the PM had to be Conservative - the only Conservative leader who was acceptable to Labour and the Liberals was Churchill - Chamberlain was STILL more popular among the Tories than Churchill, who was widely distrusted by them.

All of the above is based on Churchill's works, particularly "The Gathering Storm" and "Their Finest Hour".

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 10:14:20 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:14:20 AM|| Front Page Top

#11 The Munich analogy isn't really apt here. Unlike Hitler's Germany, the Iranians pose an asymmetric and latent threat from a non-European nation. It's also likely that a post-mullah Iran will also strive to acquire nukes, and that their young and nationalistic populace will support their quest. The best option here is not the military one but a full court press, including: sanctions, perhaps with a naval blockade; a joint US-EU-UN insistence on truly free elections with foreign observers present; and covert western efforts in support of democracy movements in Iran.

Given that the Three Dwarves are unwilling to support any of the above, their behavior is even worse than Chamberlain's. This is not appeasement; this is taking Iran's side in hopes of embarrassing the US.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 10:37:48 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:37:48 AM|| Front Page Top

#12 Lh: Chamberlain's intentions may have been good, but his strategy - appeasement, was utterly wrong. That's the point. Chamberlain's popular 'feed the crocodile' approach was thoroughly discredited, and amongst those who chose to learn the lessons of history, still is today. His actions, and those of other leaders at the time, allowed a war to foment that ultimately killed people in the tens of millions. All that could have been averted had Chamberlain and his peers not adopted appeasement, started rearmament the moment Hitler's intentions became clear (the mid-thirties), and moved against him when he started invading his neighbours.

British air defences may have been improving in '38, but so were Germany's. Combined British and French armed forces were strong enough then to easily overwhelm what Germany had to offer then, had they been used aggressively. The Maginot mentality - sit things out and hope they improve whilst letting your determined enemy prepare himself unhindered - is precisely the same attitude we're seeing today from the EU-3. Lots of papers being waved about, the Bad Guys rubbing their hands with glee, and the Churchills marginalised and sneered at as 'warmongers'. Although, thankfully, there's a Churchill at the helm of the US this time.

I wonder where we'd be right now had the invasion of Afghanistan and the Iraq War not occurred? We already have a great deal to thank Bush for in terms of someone being in a position to deal with Iran should the need arise. This time, despite their popularity, the Chamberlains can be sidestepped.

Posted by Bulldog 2004-11-30 10:47:12 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:47:12 AM|| Front Page Top

#13 That the Dwarves are on the other side can be seen from the unintentionally hilarious headlines coming out these days. My favorite was "EU 3 and Iran Working Furiously to Save Nuclear Deal," which described Iran's immediate breach of the deal they'd just signed.

The clear implication was that the Dwarves and the "moderate" mullahs were practically third party agents cooperating in order to restrain two sets of wicked "bad cops" who were determined to destroy the peace. Or maybe just one bad cop.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 10:49:53 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:49:53 AM|| Front Page Top

#14 Think about it: what do you think the response would be if you were to ask Straw, Fischer and Villepin "Which is worse: a) the mullahs with a full-blown nuclear weapons program, or b) the US forcing, through threat or actual use of military strikes, Iran to back down?"

Is there any doubt that they would rather restrain and embarrass the US than actually address the threat posed by the mullahs?

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 10:57:46 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:57:46 AM|| Front Page Top

#15 This is not appeasement; this is taking Iran's side in hopes of embarrassing the US.

And more. One might even say "countering" the US.

Posted by Jules 187 2004-11-30 10:58:23 AM|| 2004-11-30 10:58:23 AM|| Front Page Top

#16 OK, I had the timeline off a bit. The point remains valid: Chamberlain's appeasement was a horrendous policy, and it left the British in horrible shape for the war that was, frankly, inevitable.

Ya see back then they thought wars of national survival required that ALL parties take part in govt, and share responsiblity - even parties like Labour that had opposed rearmament

What a pity the modern Democrats don't agree.

Posted by Robert Crawford 2004-11-30 11:01:14 AM|| [http://www.kloognome.com/] 2004-11-30 11:01:14 AM|| Front Page Top

#17 "British air defences may have been improving in '38, but so were Germany's. Combined British and French armed forces were strong enough then to easily overwhelm what Germany had to offer then, had they been used aggressively. "

I can only suggest you read Robert Overy on Chamberlain. First its not German air defences that were relevant, but German air attack capability in the Luftwaffe. Which was not improving as fast as Britains air defences, with the addition of radar, improved coordination, etc. Churchill inherited an excellent air defence system, which is clear from his won "Their Finest Hour"

Its not at all clear what would have happened had war broken out in fall 1938. The notion that the Brits and French could have overwhelmed Germany has, I think been debunked. Assuming they would not have violated Belgian neutrality, they would have had to attack on a narrow front - the German-French frontier. The Germans could have held them off while finishing off Czecho. OTOH Czecho could probably have done more damage to the Germans than the Poles did, and probably Czech arms factories would have been destroyed instead of being captured intact. So when the Germans DID get around to attacking in the west, they might have been weaker. But no way they could have beaten in short order, without Soviet intervention. The question of how serious the Soviets were about offering help to Czecho seems to be at the heart of the current Chamberlain revisionist debate. Chamberlain did not trust the Soviets, and didnt think their offer was real, while others saw Munich as a Western betrayal of the Soviets, and a cause of the Nazi-Soviet Pact. I beleive Overy worked with recently released Soviet documents, but Im not sure his interpretation is universally accepted.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 11:19:55 AM|| 2004-11-30 11:19:55 AM|| Front Page Top

#18 RC - Labour and the Liberals were invited to JOIN the cabinet. Labour got several highly responsible cabinet positions, including 2 of 5 seats on the war cabinet. The smaller Liberals got cabinet positions as well. They were NOT asked to simply support everything the govt did, while being kept out of the govt and in opposition.

Dont take my word for it. Read Churchills "Their Finest Hour", esp the parts dealing with internal politics and forming the new cabinet. Then look at Bush administrations approach. Then think.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 11:23:26 AM|| 2004-11-30 11:23:26 AM|| Front Page Top

#19 Chamberlain did not trust the Soviets, and didnt think their offer was real, while others saw Munich as a Western betrayal of the Soviets, and a cause of the Nazi-Soviet Pact. I beleive Overy worked with recently released Soviet documents, but Im not sure his interpretation is universally accepted.

LH, "the soviets" = Stalin, period. Chamberlain had good reason not to trust Stalin, whose approach to Hilter and the West was simply to offer his allegiance to the highest bidder. Had nothing to do with Munich and everything to do with the fact that Hitler offered Stalin a very plausible and attractive offer to carve up, once again, Poland and divide it between the Prussian and Russian empires.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 11:29:58 AM|| 2004-11-30 11:29:58 AM|| Front Page Top

#20 the soviets" = Stalin, period

You are, of course, absolutely correct about the above.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 11:54:15 AM|| 2004-11-30 11:54:15 AM|| Front Page Top

#21 Given that Stalin's price for aligning with Chamberlain and the West against Hitler was territory in eastern Europe, it's ridiculous to argue that Munich represented "a betrayal of the Soviets." More like a refusal to be blackmailed by Stalin or to participate in his grand bazaar.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 12:06:01 PM|| 2004-11-30 12:06:01 PM|| Front Page Top

#22 I can't believe anyone is trying to defend Chamberlain here. That man is responsible for REFUSING to identify the evil of Nazism. There was already plenty of evidence available, tons of people were fleeing Germany and warning of coming mass murders and war. Some people had read Mein Kampf, after all.

Posted by Kalle (kafir forever) 2004-11-30 12:52:02 PM|| [http://radio.weblogs.com/0103811/categories/currentEvents/] 2004-11-30 12:52:02 PM|| Front Page Top

#23 All I'm saying is that the Soviet aspect was irrelevant. They were not and could not be expected to take our side prior to June 1941.

And that the Chamberlain analogy is also irrelevant to the Iran crisis. The EU Dwarves are quite clearly on Iran's side here. This is not a matter of delay or stalling tactics, as the Chamberlain supporters allege; the Three Dwarves have no intention whatsoever of applying serious pressure to the mullahs. They're simply negotiating a trade deal and pretending to place conditions on Iran's nuke activities, conditions which are inevitably violated immediately after each new agreement gets printed.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 1:04:52 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:04:52 PM|| Front Page Top

#24 KF - Theres lots of evidence from Chamberlains private diaries, letters etc that he was quite aware, in 1938, of how evil Nazi Germany was (nor do i think he ever said in public that they were NOT evil.) His reasons for Munich stemmed from his belief that Britain was NOT ready for war in 1938. He may have been wrong. And he bears some responsibility for failing to take the Nazi menace seriously before 1938 (though most of the UK Conservative part, Churchill and Eden aside, and some elements in Labour and the Liberals as well, and plenty of folks in the US, share that responsibility)

Look, Im not suggesting that Chamberlain should be our model of grand strategic thinking. But the man was NOT a Nazi sympathizer, nor was he an idiot.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 1:16:29 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:16:29 PM|| Front Page Top

#25 the EU 3 are in a dilemma of sorts. Certainly they dont see Iranian nukes as particularly a direct threat to them, anymore than say, Pakistani or Indian nukes. Iranian nukes mean a shift in the power balance in the mideast, away from the US and Israel. Im not sure id go so far as to say they desire it, but clearly theyre not interested in giving anything up to prevent it - and they certainly DO want the trade, and influence with Iran. OTOH if they are too obvious, they lose credibility, and leave an opening for the US to act unilaterally without any further lessening of the US world position. Therefore they have to press for something facesaving enough to make it costly for the US act to unilaterally. The Iranians, for apparently internal reasons, make this rather difficult.

It should also be noted that the failure to find WMDs in Iraq, however justified our position may have been, has not helped us to put pressure on the europeans, nor has the failure THUS FAR to stabilize Iraq increased our leverage. Over time we WILL stabilize the situation in Iraq, and that will help in several ways, putting greater pressure on the Iranian regime by the Iraqi model, and helping to restore US credibility in Europe. Also over time the intel failures wrt to Iraq will be overcome. The danger is that Iran gets a useable bomb BEFORE that happens. Whats important to the US now is not so much to stop all Iranian advance, but to press the Euros to insist on at least a strict enough arms control regimen to dramatically SLOW the Iranian progress toward a bomb. Time is NOT on the Mullahs side, IMO, and that may be why they are proving so difficult.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 1:25:18 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:25:18 PM|| Front Page Top

#26 It's not a dilemma for the Dwarves. They know that the US and Israel will take care of the security threat, because Shahab-3 missiles can of course reach Israel as easily as Europe. They know they have very little to lose by taking Iran's side.

And they have much to gain: remember, it's the EU Dwarves who are being bribed here, not the mullahs. The millionaire mullahs couldn't care less about their nation's prosperity or economic progress; they're interested only in lining their own pockets and have already done so, in spades.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 1:30:56 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:30:56 PM|| Front Page Top

#27 Kalle and others, you should beware the Left's version of history. Many people at the time argued the Soviet Union was a bigger threat (and arguably they were right). Others argued for a similar position to American isolationsim. Britain was a Naval power and why get involved in continental wars especially after WW1.

Adolph Hitler considered himself a socialist, and Britain allied with Stalin (after both invaded Poland) because Germany was seen as a greater military threat, not because it was considered a greater evil. To view the causes of WW2 in moral terms is little more than after the fact justification. Were the decision made at the time on moral grounds (which of course it wasn't), vastly more was known about Stalin's crimes than Hitlers. In 1939 Stalin had racked up at least 10 million dead, while Hitler was still in the thousands.

Posted by phil_b 2004-11-30 1:44:26 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:44:26 PM|| Front Page Top

#28 Ah, yes, the liberal appeasement argument for allowing Hitler to consume Austria, Poland, Czec and millions of German Jews, is clearly as compelling to liberals today as it would have been then.

Posted by 2b 2004-11-30 1:56:37 PM|| 2004-11-30 1:56:37 PM|| Front Page Top

#29 lex, beg pardon I do think the Euros have something to lose. Theres no assurance the Israelis will do the taking out, given their own limited technical means (despite augmentation from US smart bombs) and the high political costs to Israel of the action. If the US ends up taking out Iranian weapons, and does so successfully, thats another victory for US "unilateral" action (which in this instance really would be unilateral) in the region, and would confirm US dominance, a result that France and Germany certainly want to avoid.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:00:36 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:00:36 PM|| Front Page Top

#30 2b - first of all it was largely conservatives then who took the arguement that Stalin was a bigger threat than Hitler. Secondly, while I cant speak for Phil, I certainly think Churchill was right in identifying the Nazi threat - he was one of the greatest men in history, IMHO. However I thought it best that when we discuss history, we do so with ACCURACY as to the facts. Call that a liberal obsession, if you wish (unfortunately i fear most of my fellow liberals are just as historically illiterate as anyone else)

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:03:18 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:03:18 PM|| Front Page Top

#31 If the US ends up taking out Iranian weapons, and does so successfully, thats another victory for US "unilateral" action

True, but does anyone really believe this will happen? Bush has his hands full with not only Iraq but also delivering on his extraordinarily ambitious second term objectives. I can't imagine that any administration would be capable of overhauling Social Security and the tax code and winning SCOTUS nomination fights and managing Iraq and Afghanistan and strikes on Iran.

As Bush learned at HBS, capital is not infinite, and one should deploy it to earn the highest possible ROI. Of the above projects, I have to believe that strikes on Iraq require the highest capital investment and by far the greatest risk. I don't see Bush taking that risk and jeopardizing all the other crucial projects already on his plate.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 2:08:51 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:08:51 PM|| Front Page Top

#32 But the degree of cost and risk of a US strike on Iran is NOT independent, but is itself a function of EU action. If the EU can establish a semicredible inspection regime, than I agree that the cost and risk of US action is high. If the EU3 give up the store, and the Iranians publicly pursue nukes, the costs and risks of US action decline considerably. As for hands full in Iraq, Im assuming a surgical strike on weapons, NOT regime change. As for the domestic initiative, without getting into an analysis of domestic politics, I dont think the Euro3 are in a position to count on a Bush commitment to his domestic agenda saving them - US domestic politics is inherently unpredictable, and theyve already miscalculated it (well other than Tony, that is).

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:17:05 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:17:05 PM|| Front Page Top

#33 LH..maybe you should climb down on your own accord, since Stalin did indeed prove to be a bigger threat than Hitler. It may have been to our benefit that Stalin fought against Hitler, but that is far from saying that Stalin was not the greater threat. Hey, don't get me wrong, but I'm guessing that 3D tic tac toe is no not your game.

I'm just saying that if this was the 30's, liberals would be all this Iranin/Euro deal with placards and cheers of "peace in our time". They are as stupid today as they were back then.

Posted by 2b 2004-11-30 2:30:31 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:30:31 PM|| Front Page Top

#34 If the EU3 give up the store, and the Iranians publicly pursue nukes

They have. They are. This rope-a-dope routine is so laughably transparent that no one is fooled by now. We're in slapstick territory.

Posted by lex 2004-11-30 2:35:49 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:35:49 PM|| Front Page Top

#35 Labour and the Liberals were invited to JOIN the cabinet. Labour got several highly responsible cabinet positions, including 2 of 5 seats on the war cabinet. The smaller Liberals got cabinet positions as well. They were NOT asked to simply support everything the govt did, while being kept out of the govt and in opposition.

And no one's asking the Democrats to do that, either. They're being asked to act like adults.

They're not doing that.

(And be honest -- why should Bush trust ANY Democrat to be in his cabinet? Every time he's tried to compromise, the response he's gotten is venom, back-stabbing, and shrieking hatred.)

Dont take my word for it. Read Churchills "Their Finest Hour", esp the parts dealing with internal politics and forming the new cabinet. Then look at Bush administrations approach. Then think.

I have read it, and I have thought about it.

My conclusion: The modern Democrat party, as a party, places its lust for power above the good of the country.

Posted by Robert Crawford 2004-11-30 2:42:40 PM|| [http://www.kloognome.com/] 2004-11-30 2:42:40 PM|| Front Page Top

#36 2b - im terribly confused - you seem to be saying that the geopolitical view that resulted in Munich was RIGHT, and then say that its todays liberals who would have supported Munich, and not you.

Hitler was certainly the greater IMMEDIATE threat, as Winston Churchill among others recognized at the time and reiterated later. If Churchill is one of those misguided liberals, Im proud to be among them.

You seem to very good at 20-20 hindsight, though, since it enables you to accuse others of supporting a policy that derived from assumptions that YOU share.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:42:52 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:42:52 PM|| Front Page Top

#37 RC - I dont see the shrieking the Dems have done as any worse than what Conservatives, Labour and Liberals shrieked about each other in the 1920's and 1930's. Or for that matter the shrieking that Labour and the Liberals did about Chamberlain during the period Sept 1939 to May 1940, when Britain was AT WAR, but they were excluded from the govt (and BTW,thats NOT a minor aspect of the timeline, but central to understanding British politics during the war)

BTW, could you please list for me times Bush has tried to compromise. I can think of the Education bill, and Dems were pretty cooperative on that.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:46:51 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:46:51 PM|| Front Page Top

#38 you are so far off that I don't have the energy right now to bother. Don't take that personally, I'm just busy.

Posted by 2b 2004-11-30 2:50:48 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:50:48 PM|| Front Page Top

#39 If you dont want things taken personally, Id suggest avoiding statements like this:

Hey, don't get me wrong, but I'm guessing that 3D tic tac toe is no not your game.

Posted by Liberalhawk 2004-11-30 2:52:55 PM|| 2004-11-30 2:52:55 PM|| Front Page Top

#40
Re #6 (Robert Crawford) Wanting to avoid seeming "provocative", Chamberlain failed to re-arm Britain

The following are excerpts from Richard Overy's The Road to War: The Origins of World War II (beginning on page 81):

Chamberlain as Chancellor of the Exchequer had played the leading part in the development of Britain's rearmament programme from 1933 onwards. In 1936 his budget proposals for the four-year plan were denounced by the opposition as "war-mongering." Though he recognised the financial and political contraints on higher levels of remarmament, he had endeavoured as Chancellor to strike a reasonable balance between the kind of risks Britain faced internationally and the level of military spending the economic recovery would permit.

When he became Prime Minister, rearmament was already well under way, though it was inevitably a slow process after years of military decline. The general aim in 1936 was to produce forces strong enough by 1939 to prevent defeat and deter the aggressor .... In the summer of 1937 Chamberlain determined to get a clearer view of future strategy and a firmer grip on rearmament. A Ministry for the Coordination of Defence had been set up in 1936 under Thomas Inskip. He was instructed to draw up a comprehensive survey of what had been achieve and what Britain needed to be able to fight a total war. .....

In February 1938, Inskip produced his final report. All were agreed that expenditure should be increased. In 1938 Britain spent four times as much on defence as in 1934 -- 38 percent of all government expenditure. Plans for 1939 were higher still; a great effort of rearmement was set in motion to give real teeth to appeasement policy, without raching levels that would produce economic collapse.

First rank went to completing the air defense of Britain with radar and modern fighters; naval strength was expanded for the defense of Britain's vital trade routes; industrial mobilization was speeded up with a so-called "shadow factory" scheme ....

The goverment recognised that it woud be some time before Britain was secure from such a threat [of attack on Britain and its Empire]. The programmes would be complete or near completion in 1939 and 1940. ....

It was the central purpose of British strategy during the months of crisis in 1938 to avoid a European war before British rearmement was completed. .... In 1938 the rearmament programme was only halfway to its goal and was facing major problems. Until it was complete, Britain had almost nothing with which to threaten Hitler ....
What was more important was the knowledge Chamberlain had that within twelve months Britain's military position would be quite different. "From the military point of view, General Ismay told him, "time is in our favour ... if war with Germany has to come, it would be better to fight her in, say, 6-12 months' time than to accept the present challenge." ....

Chamberlain saw the British options plainly: "Hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst. .... The pace of rearmament did not slacken after Munich, but quickened. ... In October [1938] Chamberlain explained that "it would be madness for the country to stop rearming .... We should relax no particle of effort." Chamberlain had been a rearmer before Munich; he remained one thereafter. On 27 October Inskip was installed at the head of a new Comittee on Defense Preparations and Accelerations. .... Chamberlain clung to the belief that military preparations would deter Hitler once he realized the extent and thoroughness of British defences. ....

By August [1939] Britain's military preparations were also greatly improved. During 1939 the government spent half its revenue, swollen by further tax increases, on defence, double the level of 1938. ....

From the start, British rearmament was planned with the idea of general cnflict in 1939. ... War could not be fought with any confidence in 1938, but neither could it be posponed much beyond 1940. ....
.

Posted by Mike Sylwester 2004-11-30 11:51:15 PM|| 2004-11-30 11:51:15 PM|| Front Page Top

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