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2023-12-30 Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
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The differences between 'honor killings' in the regions of the North Caucasus are summarized
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Direct Translation via Google Translate. Edited.
[KavkazUzel] The problem of murders of women by relatives remains acute in Dagestan, Ingushetia and Chechnya, human rights activist Saida Sirazhudinova noted in her report on domestic violence. The problem of bride kidnapping also remains relevant in the republics, it follows from the report.
As the "Caucasian Knot" wrote, the problem of domestic violence in Dagestan, Ingushetia and Chechnya affects women of different ages, but mostly young girls under 30 try to escape from it. At the same time, they face threats of losing contact with children, and the problem of “honor killings” also remains relevant, human rights activists from the Ad Rem team indicated in their report on November 13. The problem of evacuating victims of domestic violence is most acute among the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District in Dagestan, Ingushetia and Chechnya, since the authorities and security forces there take the side of family aggressors, human rights activists interviewed by the Caucasian Knot commented on the report.
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President of the Center for the Study of Global Issues of Contemporary and Regional Problems "Caucasus. World. Development" Saida Sirazhudinova published today her report "Domestic violence in the North Caucasus: a report on the results of monitoring the situation in the region and analysis of judicial practice." It presents the results of a study (monitoring the situation in the region and analyzing judicial practice) conducted in 2022-2023.
"For many years I have been working on the problems of domestic violence. I studied various aspects of it that remained hidden and posed a danger to women and children. Subsequently, I wondered what the scale of these problems is in the situation with domestic violence in general. I there were hypotheses, but they needed to be tested. And so the idea arose to analyze the situation in the region in the context of a general problem. In my new research, I conducted a new large-scale analysis of judicial practice, studying the entire array of available information," the preamble of the report says.
The study examined the websites of city and district courts and other sources of information about criminal cases, and also “analyzed several thousand sentences in criminal cases involving violence and physical harm to a person (crimes against the person).” “Judicial practice in three republics of the North Caucasus was studied and analyzed: the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan and the Republic of Ingushetia,” the report says.
The motives for killing women still continue to be “honor killings,” killings for “shame” and for “immoral behavior,” the report’s author indicated. “In the republics, there are different approaches to the strategy of protecting murderers of women based on “honor” motives. Thus, in Chechnya, there is often an attempt by criminals to declare the victim’s immorality and thereby achieve a reduced sentence.
In Dagestan, it is often difficult to understand whether the crime is an “honor killing” and "What is the true motive of the criminal? Often they try to hide internal family problems, so it is impossible to accurately determine the reasons, since the criminal does not talk about the motive and it is not indicated in the sentence," the document says.
In the Caucasus, the victims of so-called “honor killings” are those whose behavior their relatives consider a disgrace to the family. These murders are committed by relatives themselves, most often a father or brother, says the Caucasian Knot report “ Honor Killings in the North Caucasus.”
According to the report, “honor killings” are the dominant motive for killing women in Chechnya. “So, out of 31 verdicts for the murder of women, 22 murders were committed on the basis of “honor killing” (words such as “immoral behavior”, “shame”, “stain”, “honour”, “reputation”, “according to our traditions" and so on appeared in the text of the sentences). These are only registered cases in which a verdict was passed; five women were killed by relatives and four by acquaintances.
An analysis of verdicts in the Chechen Republic showed that physical violence against women was committed within the family (eight cases). Of these, six cases were violence against a woman by her husband (including ex-husbands) and one case was violence from a brother,” the report says.
In Dagestan, murders of women by strangers occur much more often; there are many cases of murders during quarrels and during the theft of property. “Women are subjected to “honor killings,” partner violence, and rape. The republic remains a leader in “honor killings” in the region. The study showed that the number of crimes in which women were victims in Dagestan exceeds the number of murders in the other two countries studied republics. But in terms of the number of sentences for “honor killings,” Dagestan is in second place after the Chechen Republic,” Sirazhudinova pointed out.
Dagestan is distinguished by the practice of genital mutilation of women and girls, which is based on traditions and a specific interpretation of religion, the human rights activist noted. “This form of violence against children still finds support among part of the population of the republic,” the report says.
Female circumcision is a cruel, mutilating practice of female genital mutilation that violates human rights to health, safety and bodily integrity. Currently, there are approximately 140 million girls and women in the world with consequences of female circumcision, according to the Caucasian Knot document “ Female circumcision in the Caucasus.”
In Ingushetia, as in Chechnya, the threat to women more often comes from the family itself, and women are protected from external threats emanating from civilians. “The study showed that the issues raised are interconnected and are links in a single chain of violence, control of sexuality, preventative mutilation and honor intimidation, blackmail, sexual violence, moral terror, physical violence and sometimes even “honor killings,” the report says.
The only noticeable changes are "a reduction, but far from eradication, of the problem of bride kidnapping," the report noted. “The situation has improved in the Chechen Republic, but for the Republic of Dagestan and the Republic of Ingushetia it remains relevant. An attempt to save face in the eyes of society, the environment, and villagers leads to the fact that “honor” begins to be used for selfish purposes for the purpose of blackmail.
With the vulnerability of “honor” “Bride kidnappings, honor killings, silence and concealment of crimes on the part of those raped, fearing punishment by murder, and actually occurring murders of the raped are also connected,” the human rights activist pointed out.
The ancient custom of bride kidnapping remains quite widespread in the Caucasus, especially in Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia, says the Caucasian Knot report “Bride kidnapping – a crime or a tradition?”
The author of the report indicated that to change the situation for the better, it is necessary to “constantly monitor and control the situation, as well as analyze both problems and positive practices for solving them that can be found in the region and which can be most effective, taking into account its specifics.”
“Activities aimed at helping women and children are important, such as: dissemination of information about threats and methods of protection; publication and availability of leaflets for vulnerable groups; organization of communication channels (telephone, mail, newsletters providing the necessary information). Information must be visible and visible. It should be placed in accessible places where vulnerable groups can notice it and return to it if necessary," the report says.
The human rights activist also pointed out that it is necessary to “create and support mobile groups to help women,” and in addition, “the motive of “honor” should cease to be a reason to justify crimes.”
Let us remember that in June the BBC released a documentary film “When I Ran Away” about girls from the North Caucasus who were able to escape from the control of their families. For victims of domestic violence, escape is often the only way to save life, human rights activists emphasized.
In Russia, it is necessary to pass a special law that would prohibit relatives from approaching victims of violence or returning them to their families with the help of security forces, human rights activists previously interviewed by the Caucasian Knot noted. All known measures to combat domestic violence may be useless, especially in the Caucasus regions due to the fact that legal mechanisms do not work, the abduction of victims of violence by their relatives does not lead to criminal liability for the abductors, and the authorities prefer not to notice the problem, they noted.
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