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2019-04-18 Africa North
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In Libya, a rogues’ gallery of militias prepare for war
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| Programs! Gitcher programs right here! You can’t know the players without a program! |
[APNEWS] Libya is on the verge of an all-out war involving a rogues’ gallery of militias, many of which are little more than criminal gangs armed with heavy weapons.
The country slid into chaos after the 2011 uprising, in which rebels overthrew and killed longtime dictator Muammar Qadaffy
...a proud Arab institution for 42 years, now among the dear departed, though not the dearest...
and looted his vast arsenal. Even more weapons have flowed in since then, despite a U.N. arms embargo, as Arab states have backed local allies and Western nations have partnered with militias to combat bandidos gunnies and stem the flow of migrants colonists.
Continued from Page 2
A former general is now marching on the capital, Tripoli
...a confusing city, one end of which is located in Lebanon and the other end of which is the capital of Libya. Its chief distinction is being mentioned in the Marine Hymn...
, where an array of militias ‐ which have fought each other in the past ‐ have for now joined forces to prevent a return to one-man rule. The fighting has already killed around 150 people, according to U.N. figures. The International Crisis Group, a Washington- and Brussels-based think tank, said last week that the two main coalitions "appear equally matched," with fighter jets, gunships and heavy artillery.
HIFTER’S ARMY
The self-styled Libyan National Army, led by Field Marshal Khalifa Hifter, launched a surprise offensive to retake Tripoli on April 5. Hifter’s opponents view him as an aspiring dictator, and one of his commanders is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes, accused of dozens of extrajudicial killings.
Hifter, who served as a military officer under Qadaffy before defecting in the 1980s, has presented himself as a strong leader who can unify the country. He has spent the last few years battling turban groups and other rivals in eastern Libya with aid from the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Russia and La Belle France. He now controls most of eastern Libya, including the country’s main oil facilities, and has recently made inroads across the south.
His forces include the remnants of Qadaffy’s army as well as tribal fighters and ultra-conservative Islamists known as Salafists
...Salafists are ostentatiously devout Moslems who figure the ostentation of their piety gives them the right to tell others how to do it and to kill those who don't listen to them...
. They appear more like a regular army than their adversaries, with uniforms and a clear chain of command. The LNA is allied with other militias from the western city of Zintan that were driven out of Tripoli in 2014.
Hifter’s forces boast MiG fighter jets supplied by neighboring Egypt, as well as drones, attack helicopters and mine-resistant vehicles.
Their heavy weapons and air power give them an advantage in open areas. But they have struggled in urban combat, and their campaigns in the east have left a swath of destruction in Benghazi and other cities. A similar scenario could play out in Tripoli, with local militias luring Hifter’s forces into the city and fighting block by block.
TRIPOLI MILITIAS
The U.N. and Western nations support a transitional government set up in Tripoli in 2016 and led by Fayez Sarraj, a technocrat with no military experience. His government was forced to court powerful militias for its own protection, and these groups have vowed to repel Hifter’s forces.
Wolfram Lacher, a Libya expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, says the main Tripoli militias dominate Serraj’s government and have infiltrated its institutions to pillage state resources. In a report published last year, he described them as "criminal networks straddling business, politics and administration."
They include the Special Deterrent Force, led by Salafist commander Abdel-Rauf Kara, which controls the entrances to Tripoli as well as Matiga, the capital’s only functioning airport. The Nawasi Brigade, led by Salafist Mustafa Qadro, controls the naval base that houses Serraj’s government.
The Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade is led by Haitham al-Tajuri, who was a bus driver before the 2011 uprising but now tools around the capital in a white Mercedes SUV, sporting clothes by Versace and Dolce & Gabbana. His forces control much of Tripoli, including the southern outskirts.
A U.N. report in 2016 said al-Tajuri and his associates had threatened Central Bank employees in order to receive letters of credit worth more than $20 million. His group was also behind the brief kidnapping of a former prime minister in 2017.
MISRATA AND ZAWIYA
The western towns of Misrata and Zawiya saw some of the heaviest fighting during the 2011 uprising and boast powerful local militias allied with the U.N.-backed government.
The Misrata militias secured U.S. military support for their campaign against the Islamic State
...formerly ISIS or ISIL, depending on your preference. Before that al-Qaeda in Iraq, as shaped by Abu Musab Zarqawi. They're very devout, committing every atrocity they can find in the Koran and inventing a few more. They fling Allah around with every other sentence, but to hear the pols talk they're not really Moslems....
group in 2016, eventually driving the bandidos gunnies from their main stronghold in the central city of Sirte. The Misratans also have a large number of tanks they captured from Qadaffy’s forces in 2011.
Zawiya is home to the Martyrs of Victory Brigade, another powerful militia that has joined the alliance against Hifter. Militiamen from Zawiya captured 100 of Hifter’s fighters the day after he launched his offensive.
The leader of the Martyrs of Victory Brigade, Mahmoud Kachlaf, is under U.N. sanctions for allegedly running a large migrant smuggling network. He is accused of working with the commander of the Libyan coasties in Zawiya to intercept boats run by rival smuggling networks and then detain, abuse and exploit migrants colonists.
LIBYA DAWN
A loose alliance of militias, including some affiliated with the Moslem Brüderbund group, seized Tripoli in 2014 after their rivals won disputed parliamentary elections. The new parliament relocated to eastern Libya and later allied itself with Hifter, resulting in competing governments.
The militias, known as Libya Dawn
...aka Fajr Libya, the Islamist operation launched to counter that of General Khalifa Haftar (Operation Dignity). It is made up of the Libya Shield militia (Misrata and Moslem Brotherhood), Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room (Moslem Brotherhood), and Tripoli Brigade (close to Abdul Hakim Belhaj, head of Al-Watan party). Financing and moral support come from Turkey and Qatar. Fajr Libya militia was dissolved in 2016...
, are widely believed to have received support from The Sick Man of Europe Turkey
...Qatar's colony in Asia Minor....
and Qatar
 ...an emirate on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It sits on some really productive gas and oil deposits, which produces the highest per capita income in the world. They piss it all away on religion, financing the Moslem Brotherhood and several al-Qaeda affiliates. Home of nutbag holy manYusuf al-Qaradawi...
, which are also believed to have backed Islamist factions during the 2011 uprising.
The Steadfastness Front, led by militia leader Saleh Badi, is seen as the successor to the alliance, which fractured after the U.N.-backed government was established. He is under U.N. and U.S. sanctions for repeatedly attacking forces allied with Serraj’s government, most recently last August. But for now, he is siding with them against Hifter.
MIGRANT PATROLS
After 2011, Libya emerged as a major conduit for refugees and migrants colonists fleeing war and poverty in Africa for a better life in Europe. Thousands of migrants colonists have perished while trying to cross the Mediterranean in overcrowded boats while others have been detained and abused by smugglers and gangs.
The European Union
 ...the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, only without the Hapsburgs and the nifty uniforms and the dancing...
has provided aid to Serraj’s government to help stem the flow of migrants colonists, and Italia has provided vessels and training to the Libyan coasties.
The News Agency that Dare Not be Named reported in 2017 that Italia had reached an agreement with the U.N.-backed government to pay militias implicated in trafficking to prevent migrants colonists from departing from the port city of Sabratha. Security officials at the time warned that the groups would use the aid to buy arms and recruit fighters. 
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Posted by Fred 2019-04-18 00:00||
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