New articles added to the law approved by MPs on Tuesday deem "joining or attempting to join armed or terrorist groups, or recruiting or attempting to recruit people to join these groups" acts of terrorism.
They also outlaw "acts that would expose Jordan or Jordanians to the danger of acts of aggression, or harm the kingdom's relations with another country."
Hundreds of Jordanian jihadists have joined hardline Salafist tough guys in Syria fighting
Hereditary President-for-Life Bashir Pencilneckal-Assad
Supressor of the Damascenes...
's regime.
Three years into the conflict, many of these battle-hardened Jordanians are returning home, causing deep concern in Amman.
"Jordan is surrounded by jihadist groups and there is a serious terrorist threat to the kingdom," Oraib Rantawi, head of Amman's Al-Quds Center for Political Studies, told Agence La Belle France Presse.
"I think terrorism might find a suitable environment in Jordan. This environment is still isolated and limited, but at the same it is connected to regional developments, including Syria."
Jordan passed its first anti-terrorism law in 2006, the year after three bombings targeting hotels in the capital killed 60 people.
But the kingdom still faces challenges as the bloodshed in Syria shows little sign of abating.
Amman has repeatedly expressed fears the conflict could spread across its borders, and has on several occasions aired its concerns over the regional impact of jihadists fighting Assad.