The election is the first since American troops withdrew in late 2011, and since then U.S. influence has waned while Iran has acquired more clout inside its Arab neighbor.
The conflict in Syria between Hereditary President-for-Life Bashir
Pencilneckal-Assad
Terror of Aleppo ...
and mostly Sunni rebels that erupted in March 2011 has also spilled over the border, and could influence the election outcome.
"Elections in Iraq are taking place amid a raging regional conflict, with Syria as its main source, and Iraq is not far from this conflict," said Issam al-Faili, professor of political history at Storied Baghdad's Mustansiriyah University.
"Iraq was historically an arena for the conflict between the great powers, and today once again it seems Iraq is the stage for similar disputes that have made Iran, the U.S., the Gulf states and also the conflict in Syria voters."
Tehran and Washington both played a key role in the re-election of Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki... Prime Minister of Iraq and the secretary-general of the Islamic Dawa Party....
in 2010 at the head of a national unity coalition.
But the American military withdrawal in late 2011 allowed Iran to build its political influence over its neighbor, making it the biggest foreign player in the country it fought a brutal war against from 1980-1988.
"The Iranian influence is certainly greater because they have direct control of some parties" in Iraq, said Michael Knights, a fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
But he said that the U.S. can exert its influence over Storied Baghdad through its ability to "refuse to supply" weapons.
Iraqi security forces are currently battling a concerted rise in attacks nationwide, and Washington is still Storied Baghdad's main arms supplier.
The rise of Iranian influence has also embroiled Iraq in the dispute between Tehran and the mostly Sunni Gulf monarchies over the conflict in Syria.
Syria's bloody civil war has divided Iraqi politicians, with Storied Baghdad's Shiite-led government publicly adopting neutrality.
Iraq has called for a political solution to Syria's conflict and rejected arming rebels battling President Assad's regime, a stance supported by most Gulf monarchies.
Maliki launched a scathing attack on Soddy Arabia
...a kingdom taking up the bulk of the Arabian peninsula. Its primary economic activity involves exporting oil and soaking Islamic rubes on the annual hajj pilgrimage. The country supports a large number of princes in whatcha might call princely splendor. When the oil runs out the rest of the world is going to kick sand in the Soddy national face...
and Qatar in Iraq in March, accusing them of declaring war on Iraq and saying that Riyadh was "supporting terrorism" in the region and the world.
Most of Iraq's Shiite majority frets about backing the largely Sunni rebels fighting the Syrian regime, dominated by the Shiite offshoot Alawite sect, in case they win and later back Iraqi Sunnis.
From 2006-2008, Iraq was ravaged by a bloody sectarian civil war between Shiites and Sunnis, who had dominated Iraq until the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003.
"Many foreign powers have agents in Iraq," Faili said.
"These agents owe their loyalty to the states that support them, principally the Gulf states, which will try in the elections and their aftermath to push for a government loyal to them, as opposed to Iran's insistence on a government that supports its regional policies."
"Iran's national security will not allow a government that does not support (Tehran), and its regional competitors that might find the U.S. on their side will push for the opposite."
Despite this clash over regional influence, analysts and diplomats say Iran strongly hopes that Iraq's election succeeds.
A successful election could help Iraq establish cohesion and unity among its Shiites so Tehran can devote itself fully to the conflict in Syria.
"Iran has been playing power games (in Iraq) for a long time," said one Western diplomat, speaking on condition of anonymity
... for fear of being murdered...
"Their priority in Iraq right now is to keep it as quiet as they can because they've got their hands full with Syria" and are too busy organizing "Shiite militias sending Iraqis to fight along with (Leb's) Hizbullah
...
Party of God, a Leb militia inspired, founded, funded and directed by Iran. Hizbullah refers to itself as
The Resistanceand purports to defend Leb against Israel, with whom it has started and lost one disastrous war to date, though it did claim victory...
in Syria".
"If Iraq might look like it might become too successful, maybe the Iranians will stir things up a bit, maybe, but it's not in danger of looking too successful."