Demonstrators overturned cars and threw petrol bombs at police who repelled them with tear gas and water cannon as a show of force by French students against the government over job reforms turned increasingly violent. Demonstrators clashed with police at 7:00 pm (1800 GMT) when hundreds gathered on the city's Place de la Sorbonne square in the Latin quarter following a protest march.
Protestors also vandalized cafes amid scenes that left the area veiled in tear gas fumes and a bookshop in flames on the square, located near departments of the Sorbonne University. At least one car was set alight nearby.
Police said 35 officers were injured, including nine hospitalized, in clashes in the capital and incidents elsewhere in France towns also left several other officers hurt. The interior ministry reported 212 arrests across the country, including 147 in Paris.
The protests were organized in anger at the proposed First Employment Contract (CPE), a contested youth jobs measure. Unions, student groups and the political left say the CPE, which can be broken off without explanation in the first two years, is a licence to hire and fire at will, and are demanding its withdrawal.
Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, who championed the scheme as a key tool in fighting youth unemployment, faces the most serious test of his premiership as the wave of protests paralyses dozens of French universities. The CPE is aimed at encouraging companies to recruit young people.
The interior ministry said 257,000 people took to the streets in up to 80 towns and cities across France, while some organizers set the figure as high as half a million. Student leaders said that 120,000 people joined the march through Paris's Left Bank university quarter, although police said there were 30,000.
Outside Paris, two officers and a student were slightly injured in scuffles pitting police against some 250 high-school students, heading to the Paris march from the northern suburb of Raincy.
Six youths were arrested and two officers slightly injured after a rowdy protest by high-school students forced the closure of a main road in Vitry-sur-Seine, southeast of Paris.
Large rallies were also held in Marseille, Lyon and Grenoble in the south and southeast, Bordeaux in the southwest, Rennes and Lille in the northwest and north, Clermont-Ferrand, Limoges and Angers in the centre and Strasbourg in the east.
Four people were arrested in the southern city of Toulouse after police dispersed a peaceful 9,000-strong protest.
Violence erupted on the sidelines of the protest in Rennes, where police fired tear gas at youths who set garbage cans on fire and vandalised cars, some chanting: "Withdraw the CPE, or watch out!"
In Nancy in the east, a police officer was injured with a paving stone, while two head teachers were hurt in Nantes in the west. A demonstrator was injured in clashes with police in southern Montpellier.
Similar scenes of violence erupted last week when riot police were called in to evacuate demonstrators from Paris' historic Sorbonne University.
Student leaders described the protest movement -- which is backed by 68 percent of the public, according to a new poll -- as a "tidal wave".
Unions have called for a further day of protest on Saturday, when the head of the powerful CGT union, Bernard Thibault, has vowed to "step up a gear" in the stand-off with the government.
Strikes and sit-ins have spread to two-thirds of France's 84 universities with 21 closed and 37 others badly disrupted, according to the education ministry, with protests also reported in dozens of high schools.
Not all students back the protest movement, however, and clashes broke out in Toulouse as dozens of youths angry at the disruption to their studies tried to dislodge protestors from the building.
France has one of the highest youth unemployment rates in Europe, with 23 percent of all young people out of work and the figure topping 50 percent in some of the high-immigration city suburbs hit by rioting late last year.
Villepin has said he was open to talks with labour leaders but insists the measure -- passed by parliament as part of a broader law on equal opportunities drawn up after the riots in October and November -- will be implemented.
The escalating protests have revived memories of the May 1968 student uprising, and have been seen as the sign of a deeper malaise among young French people worried about their future.